Diseases
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STOMACH DISORDERS
DISEASES AND STATUS
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Stomach Disorders
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Dumping syndrome Gastritis Gastroparesis Nonulcer stomach pain Peptic ulcer Stomach polyps Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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Dumping syndrome Dumping syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that develops most often in people who have had surgery to remove all or part of their stomach, or in whom much of their stomach has been surgically bypassed to help lose weight. Also called rapid gastric emptying, dumping syndrome occurs when the undigested contents of your stomach are transported or "dumped" into your small intestine too rapidly. Common symptoms include abdominal cramps and nausea. Most people with dumping syndrome experience signs and symptoms soon after eating. In other people, they may occur later — one to three hours after eating — and they can range from mild or moderate to severe and debilitating. Most of the time, dumping syndrome improves on its own without medical treatment, or by adjusting your diet.
Gastritis Gastritis isn't one disease but a group of conditions, all of which are characterized by inflammation of the lining of your stomach. Commonly, the inflammation results from infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers. Yet other factors — including traumatic injury and regular use of certain pain relievers — also can contribute to gastritis. In spite of the many conditions associated with gastritis, the signs and symptoms of the disease are very similar: A burning pain in your upper abdomen and occasionally, bloating, belching, nausea or vomiting. In some cases, gastritis can lead to ulcers and an increased risk of stomach cancer. For most people, however, gastritis isn't serious and improves quickly with treatment.
Gastroparesis Gastroparesis is a condition in which the muscles in the wall of your stomach don't function normally. Ordinarily, strong muscular contractions propel food on its long and convoluted journey through your digestive tract. But in gastroparesis, the muscles in the wall of your stomach work poorly or not at all, preventing your stomach from emptying properly. This can interfere with digestion, cause nausea and vomiting, and play havoc with blood sugar levels and nutrition. No available treatment can cure gastroparesis. Dietary changes and certain medications sometimes help control symptoms of gastroparesis, but they're not effective in every case. What's more, the few available gastroparesis drugs can cause serious side effects. Researchers are investigating other types of therapies, including a stomach "pacemaker," that eventually may prove more effective than current treatments for gastroparesis.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a complex condition in which one or more tumors form in the pancreas or in the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). These tumors, called gastrinomas, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes excessive production of acid by your stomach. The excess acid, in turn, leads to peptic ulcers. The ulcers that occur as part of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are often numerous, tend to occur in unusual areas of your stomach or intestine and are more resistant to treatment than other ulcers are. They are also likely to return after being treated. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is rare, affecting approximately one in 1 million people. In the United States, less than 1 percent of duodenal ulcers result from Zollinger-Ellison. The disease may occur at any time, but the average age at diagnosis is 50. Most often, treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome consists of medications to reduce acid and heal the ulcers. Surgery to remove the tumors may be an option for some people with Zollinger-Ellison.
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Nonulcer dyspepsia The term "dyspepsia" comes from the Greek roots "dys," meaning "difficult," and "peptein," which means "to digest." Formally, the condition is known as nonulcer dyspepsia (dis-PEP-se-uh). Nonulcer stomach pain is a common, sometimes long-lasting (chronic) disorder of the upper gastrointestinal system, which includes your esophagus and first part of your small intestine (duodenum) as well as your stomach. The disorder can cause signs and symptoms that resemble those of a peptic ulcer, such as pain or discomfort in your upper abdomen, often accompanied by bloating, belching and nausea. Nonulcer stomach pain occurs for no apparent reason and isn't necessarily related to a particular disease. Rather, the culprit may be a temporary problem, such as eating too quickly, overeating or dealing with a stressful event. For some people, stomach pain is a chronic condition. For many people, however, the symptoms of nonulcer stomach pain are often short-lived and preventable.
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Peptic ulcers Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach, upper small intestine or esophagus. The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is pain. Now docotors know that a bacterial infection or medications — not stress or diet — cause most ulcers of the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). Esophageal ulcers may also occur and are typically associated with the reflux of stomach acid. Depending on their location, ulcers have different names: Gastric ulcer. This is a peptic ulcer that occurs in your stomach. Duodenal ulcer. This type of peptic ulcer develops in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Esophageal ulcer. An esophageal ulcer is usually located in the lower section of your esophagus. It's often associated with chronic astroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Peptic ulcers are common. Often successful treatment of ulcers takes just a few weeks.
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Stomach polyps Stomach polyps are rare, occurring in less than 1 percent of people undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy — a procedure in which the lining of the stomach is examined. Stomach polyps usually don't cause symptoms. As a result, stomach polyps only discovered while docotor examining you for other reasons. The three most common types of stomach polyps are: Hyperplastic stomach polyps. Hyperplastic stomach polyps account for more than half of all diagnosed stomach polyps. Hyperplastic polyps are usually less than a centimeter in size, but may grow much larger. These polyps develop into cancer in less than 3 percent of cases. The risk of cancer is highest in polyps greater than 2 centimeters in size. Hyperplastic polyps are associated with a condition called gastritis, which is inflammation of the stomach lining. Fundic gland stomach polyps. Doctors recognize that these polyps, found in the top portion of the stomach (fundus), are more common than once thought. They were previously often misidentified or simply overlooked. Fundic gland stomach polyps are less of a concern because they don't turn into cancer, except rarely in people with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome. Fundic gland polyps have also been associated with long-term use of the drug omeprazole (Prilosec) — which is used to treat ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and infections of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach. Adenomas. These growths arise from the stomach's glandular tissue and account for only about 10 percent of stomach polyps, but they present a greatest health concern. These polyps can become cancerous, especially when they grow larger than 2 centimeters. These polyps are also more common in people with stomach inflammation (gastritis). Adenomas need to be removed. Removal is usually done by endoscopy, although surgery is sometimes necessary.
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