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HERNIA
DISEASES AND STATUS
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Hernia
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Hiatal hernia
Inguinal hernia
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Hiatal hernia
Hernias occur when one part of the body protrudes through a gap or opening into another part. And although a hernia can theoretically develop almost anywhere, most are in the abdominal area. This includes hiatal hernias — also known as diaphragmatic hernias — which form at the opening in your diaphragm where your food pipe joins your stomach.
Most small hiatal hernias don't cause any problems, and you may never know you have a hiatal hernia unless your doctor discovers it when checking for another condition. But a large hiatal hernia can allow food and acid to back up into your esophagus, leading to heartburn and chest pain. Self-care measures or medications can usually alleviate these symptoms, although very large hiatal hernias sometimes need surgical repair.
Inguinal hernia
They're one of the most common types of hernia, affecting millions of Americans and accounting for hundreds of thousands of operations a year.
They occur when soft tissue — usually part of the intestine — protrudes through a weak point or tear in the lower abdominal wall. The resulting bulge can be painful — sometimes excruciatingly so — especially when you cough, bend over or lift a heavy object.
In many people, the abdominal wall weakness that leads to a hernia occurs at birth when the abdominal lining (peritoneum) doesn't close properly. Other hernias develop later in life when muscles weaken or deteriorate due to factors such as aging, strenuous physical activity or coughing that accompanies smoking. Although far more men than women have inguinal hernias, no one is immune — including infants, pregnant women and older adults.
Not necessarily dangerous in themselves, inguinal hernias can lead to life-threatening complications. For that reason, your doctor is likely to recommend surgical repair of a hernia that's painful or growing larger. The good news is that it's not the same hernia operation your father may have had, with a large abdominal incision, a long hospital stay and weeks of immobility. Instead, many inguinal hernias now can be successfully repaired with a technique that uses several small incisions, leading to a faster, less painful recovery.
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